P = N k T / V & P
= ρ
R T
N is the number of air molecules in a volume V, T is temperature
and ρ is
density. R and k are both constants (you can pretty much
ignore them). You should be able to determine
what will happen to the pressure in a rigid container or something
flexible like a balloon if you change the variables in the
equation above. What variables could you change together in
such a way that the pressure would stay constant? Charles'
Law. In the atmosphere why is warm air normally low density
air and cold air normally high density air?
Upward
and downward forces (5 pts). Vertical forces acting on air parcels (the
strength of one of the forces depends on the air inside the
parcel, the other on the air outside the parcel). These two forces
are usually in balance. What happens to the balance when you warm
or cool a parcel of air? Basically you should be able to
explain why a balloon of hot low density air rises and a balloon
of cold high density air sinks.
Archimedes
Law (5 pts). An object immersed in a fluid (this
can be a liquid like water or a gas like air) experiences an
upward buoyant force that is equal to the weight of the fluid
displaced by the object. Basically objects that are less
dense that the fluid around them float, objects that are denser
than the fluid surrounding them sink. What causes the upward
buoyant force (it's the same upward force mentioned in the section
above).
Sample
questions
(
from the online example quizzes )
Quiz #1: 13, 14, 16
Final Exam: 22
Station model notation (20 pts). How and where are the
following weather variables plotted: cloud cover, temperature, dew
point temperature (typical values for Tucson), wind direction and
speed, common weather symbols (rain, snow, fog, rain shower,
thunderstorm, tropical storm and hurricane), pressure.
Units. After pressure is measured, what important adjustment is
made before the pressure is plotted on the surface map? Why is
that necessary? Average and typical range of sea-level pressure
values.
Surface
weather maps (35 pts). A new map is prepared hourly. What
time zone or time reference is used? 24-hour clock. Isobars
and isotherms. Small horizontal differences in pressure cause the
wind to blow. Air motions around high and low pressure centers
(northern hemisphere). Strong and weak pressure gradients.
Convergence and divergence. Rising and sinking air motions.
Upper level charts (15 pts). Ridges (warm air below)
and troughs (cold air below). Winds blow parallel to contour lines
and from west to east.
Fronts
(10 pts). Cross-sectional structure of cold and
warm fronts (such as shown below). Symbols used
on surface maps, where is the warm & cold air, what direction
are the fronts moving. Weather changes (temperature,
moisture/dew points, winds) that precede and follow passage of
warm and cold fronts. You will not have to locate a front on
a surface map like was done in class.
Sample
questions
Practice Quiz: 2, 10, 11, 14,
19 Quiz #1: 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11
Final Exam: 7, 10a b & d, 34, 47, 52
Reviews
Mon., Feb. 11
|
4 -
5 pm
|
Haury
(Anthropology)
129
|
| Tue., Feb. 12 |
4 -
5 pm
|
Haury
(Anthropology)
129
|
