Quiz #4 Study Guide
Newton's
1st
law
of motion (10 pts).
Given a picture of an object's motion, you should be able
to determine whether a net force is acting on the object or not.
If a net force is present, you should have some idea what
direction it must point. Here
are some examples.
Forces that determine
horizontal wind (20 to 25 pts). Pressure
gradient force (PGF), Coriolis force (CF), and frictional force
(F) (surface winds only). Rules that determine the direction and
strength of these forces. Which force can start stationary air
moving? Which of these forces will only change the direction of
the wind and not the wind speed? Which one of these forces can
only change the speed of the wind? Which of these forces is
always perpendicular to the contours on a weather map, which is
always perpendicular to the wind?
Upper level and surface winds
(40 pts). Upper level
winds blow parallel to the contours, surface winds blow across
the isobars toward low pressure. You should know the
directions that upper level winds blow around circular high
and low pressure centers in the northern and southern
hemisphere. In each case you should be able to
determine the directions of the PGF and CF. Here
are lots of examples to study.
How do surface winds blow around H and
L pressure centers in the northern and southern hemispheres? Where
do you find rising and sinking air motions? Here are
several examples.
Sample
Questions from the Fall 2000 quiz packet
Quiz #5:
4, 7, 12, 13, EC2 Final
Exam: 10, 13, 18, 26, 27
Thunderstorms (25 to 30 pts). Ordinary single cell
(air mass) and severe thunderstorms. How might you distinguish
between an air mass and a severe thunderstorm? Life cycle
of an air mass thunderstorm (3 easy to remember stages). How can
the dissipation of one storm lead to the formation of another?
Thunderstorm features and, in some cases, processes that produce
them: gust front, anvil cloud, shelf cloud, mammatus clouds,
microburst. Wind shear. Why can a storm with a tilted updraft
become stronger and last longer than a storm with a vertical
updraft? Supercell thunderstorms. Mesocyclone, wall clouds, and hook echoes
(on radar).
Tornadoes
(25 to 30 pts).
Average
characteristics:
low
pressure core, duration, length of path on the ground,
diameter, speed of rotating winds, speed and usual direction
of the movement on the ground. Tornado season (when do the most
tornadoes occur, when do the strongest tornadoes occur). Life cycle. What causes the
tornado cloud? Fujita (and the newer EF) scale. Tornado
winds and damage. Multiple vortices, suction vortices.
Tornado watches and warnings.
Lightning
(25 to 30 pts).
What creates the electricity in thunderstorms? Normal
distribution of electrical charge in a thunderstorm. Types of
lightning discharges, intracloud, negative and positive
cloud-to-ground lightning, and upward lightning. Sequence of
events in a multi-stroke cloud-to-ground lightning flash:
stepped leader, upward connecting discharge, first return
stroke, dart leader(s) and subsequent return stroke(s).
Unusual types of lightning and rocket-triggered lightning.
Lightning hazards and safety. What produces thunder?
Determining the distance to a lightning strike. How/why
do lightning rods and cars offer protection from lightning?
Sample Questions from the
Fall 2000 packet.
Quiz #6: 1-5, 7-11, 13-16 Final Exam:
4, 28, 33a, 39, 51
Reviews
Tues., April 28
|
4 - 5 pm
|
Haury (Anthropology) 129
|
Wed., April 29
|
4 - 5 pm
|
Haury (Anthropology) 216
|